Which of the following refers specifically to a disease affecting the heart?

The term that specifically refers to a disease affecting the heart is cardiopathy. This term encompasses various heart diseases, emphasizing the pathological condition of the heart itself. Cardiopathy is a broad category that could include many different types of heart diseases, regardless of their specific nature or cause.

Cardiology, while related, is the medical specialty that deals with disorders of the heart and blood vessels rather than a disease itself. Cardiomyopathy is a specific type of heart disease characterized by deterioration of the heart muscle, but it is just one category under the broader umbrella of cardiopathy. Cardiac arrest refers to a sudden loss of heart function, which is a critical event but not a disease in itself. Thus, the focus on disease in the term cardiopathy makes it the appropriate choice here.