Which of the following terms refers to the back of the body?

The term that refers to the back of the body is "dorsal." In anatomical terminology, "dorsal" is used to describe the position of structures relative to the back side of the body. This is commonly applied in both human anatomy and in describing the anatomy of animals, where the dorsal side is often the part that faces upward when the organism is in a natural position.

In the context of body orientation, "anterior" refers to the front of the body, which is the opposite of dorsal. "Lateral" pertains to the sides of the body, indicating a position away from the midline. "Medial," on the other hand, describes a position closer to the midline of the body. Thus, "dorsal" is the term that accurately answers the question regarding the back side of the body.